The Rent Law Tracker

CA-R1 Statewide rent cap (Tenant Protection Act)

Over any 12 months, a covered owner may not raise gross rent by more than 5% + CPI change, or 10%, whichever is lower, measured from the lowest rent charged in the prior 12 months; max two increases per 12 months. Initial rent on a vacant unit is free.

Citation: Cal. Civ. Code § 1947.12(a), (f) · Source: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&sectionNum=1947.12 · Effective: Jan 1, 2024, operative Apr 1, 2024 (SB 567); section sunsets Jan 1, 2030 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

CA-R2 Cap exemptions

Exempt: deed/government-restricted affordable housing; school dormitories; housing under a stricter local rent-control ordinance; housing built within the previous 15 years; separately alienable single-family homes/condos unless owned by a REIT, corporation, or LLC with a corporate member (and only with the statutory exemption notice to the tenant); owner-occupied duplexes. CPI = BLS CPI-U for the applicable metro (LA, Riverside, San Diego, SF-Oakland), otherwise California CPI-U.

Citation: Cal. Civ. Code § 1947.12(d), (g) · Source: same § 1947.12 page · Effective: Jan 1, 2024 / operative Apr 1, 2024 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

CA-R3 Local control & vacancy decontrol (Costa-Hawkins)

State law guarantees owners may set initial and subsequent rents on units with a certificate of occupancy issued after Feb 1, 1995, units exempt under pre-1995 local new-construction exemptions, and separately alienable units (single-family/condo). Local ordinances may still cap increases on older covered units, and a stricter local cap displaces the state cap. Local authority over eviction grounds is expressly preserved.

Citation: Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1954.50–1954.53 · Source: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&division=3.&title=5.&part=4.&chapter=2.7.&article · Effective: Jan 1, 1996 (§ 1954.52 last amended Jan 1, 2005) · Last checked: 2026-11-08

⚠️ City caveat: Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Jose and ~a dozen other cities run their own rent ordinances on pre-1995 stock — check the city before applying the state cap. (City detail: name-flagged only in v1.)

CA-E1 Just cause required after 12 months

After a tenant has continuously and lawfully occupied a unit for 12 months, the owner may terminate only for a just cause stated in the written notice.

Citation: Cal. Civ. Code § 1946.2(a) · Source: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&sectionNum=1946.2 · Effective: operative Apr 1, 2024 (SB 567) · Last checked: 2026-11-08

CA-E2 At-fault just causes

Nonpayment; material lease breach (after notice + chance to cure); nuisance; waste; refusing to sign a similar renewal; criminal activity/threats on or near the premises; illegal assignment/subletting; refusing lawful entry; unlawful use; employee/agent/licensee failing to vacate after status ends; tenant failing to vacate after their own termination notice or accepted surrender.

Citation: Cal. Civ. Code § 1946.2(b)(1)(A)–(K) · Source: same § 1946.2 page · Effective: Apr 1, 2024 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

CA-E3 No-fault just causes + relocation money

Owner/family move-in (must move in within 90 days, live there ≥12 continuous months as primary residence); withdrawal from the rental market; compliance with a government/court vacate order; intent to demolish or substantially remodel (permit-required structural/mechanical work or hazmat abatement needing ≥30 consecutive days vacant — cosmetic work does not qualify). For any no-fault termination the owner must pay one month's rent within 15 calendar days of the notice or waive the final month in writing; failure to strictly comply voids the notice.

Citation: Cal. Civ. Code § 1946.2(b)(2), (d) · Source: same § 1946.2 page · Effective: Apr 1, 2024 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

CA-E4 Unlawful detainer predicates (3-day notices)

Unlawful detainer lies after: holdover past term; rent default after 3 days' written notice (excluding Sat/Sun/judicial holidays) stating amount due and where/how to pay; failure to perform other covenants after a 3-day notice to perform or quit; assignment/subletting, waste, nuisance or unlawful purpose after a 3-day notice to quit. Eviction is a court summary proceeding; no fee may be charged for serving these notices.

Citation: Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 1161(1)–(4), (6) · Source: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?chapter=4.&part=3.&lawCode=CCP&title=3. · Effective: amended by SB 611, Jan 1, 2025, operative Feb 1, 2025 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

CA-E5 Tenant's time to answer (AB 2347)

The defendant's response to an unlawful-detainer complaint must be filed within 10 days, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and judicial holidays, after service; service by mail or via the Secretary of State address-confidentiality program adds 5 court days. (Set by CL-CA-2025-01.)

Citation: Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 1167(a)–(b) · Source: same CCP Ch. 4 page · Effective: Jan 1, 2025 (AB 2347) · Last checked: 2026-11-08

CA-D1 One-month cap (AB 12)

Security demanded/received may not exceed one month's rent (on top of first month's rent). Exception: up to two months only if the landlord is a natural person (or an LLC whose members are all natural persons) and owns no more than 2 rental properties comprising no more than 4 units total; the exception never applies to a service-member tenant. Cap applies to security collected/demanded on or after July 1, 2024. (Set by CL-CA-2024-01.)

Citation: Cal. Civ. Code § 1950.5(c)(1), (c)(5), (c)(6) · Source: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&sectionNum=1950.5 · Effective: Jul 1, 2024 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

CA-D2 Return in 21 days, itemized; photo duties

Within 21 calendar days after the tenant vacates, return the balance with an itemized statement of each deduction. Deductions only for: unpaid rent; repair of tenant-caused damage beyond ordinary wear and tear; cleaning to initial cleanliness; (if the lease allows) restoring/replacing landlord property after tenant default. Never pre-existing damage or ordinary wear and tear. Tenant must be offered a pre-move-out initial inspection. Photo duties: for tenancies beginning on/after Jul 1, 2025 photograph the unit at inception; from Apr 1, 2025 photograph after move-out/before repairs and after repairs/cleaning. Electronic return rules added by CL-CA-2026-02.

Citation: Cal. Civ. Code § 1950.5(b), (e)–(h) · Source: same § 1950.5 page · Effective: current version Jan 1, 2026 (AB 414) · Last checked: 2026-11-08

CA-N1 Rent increase notice

Increase of 10% or less (vs. rent charged at any time in the prior 12 months): notice at least 30 days before the effective date. Increase of more than 10%: at least 90 days' notice (30 days for increases caused by income/family-composition recertification).

Citation: Cal. Civ. Code § 827(b)(2)–(3) · Source: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&sectionNum=827 · Effective: Jan 1, 2025 (SB 1103) · Last checked: 2026-11-08

CA-N2 Termination of periodic tenancy

Landlord must give at least 60 days' notice; 30 days if the tenant has resided in the unit less than one year (also 30 days for a qualifying sale of a separately alienable unit to a bona fide purchaser who will live there). For § 1946.2-covered tenants (12+ months), a just cause must also be stated.

Citation: Cal. Civ. Code § 1946.1(b)–(d) · Source: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&sectionNum=1946.1 · Effective: Jan 1, 2025 (SB 1103) · Last checked: 2026-11-08

CA-L1 No statewide scheme located; city regimes control locally

No statewide rental registration or landlord-licensing requirement appears in the Civil Code landlord-tenant sections (see UNVERIFIED U-9 for the absence-claim caveat before publishing this as a flat statement). Registration/inspection duties, where they exist, are city programmes — flagged by name only in v1: Los Angeles (Rent Stabilization Ordinance), San Francisco (Rent Ordinance / Rent Board), San Jose (Apartment Rent Ordinance).

Last checked: 2026-11-08

NY-R1 Rent stabilization & HSTPA 2019

Stabilization generally covers buildings built 1947–1974 (plus buildings receiving J-51, 421-a, 421-g tax benefits); rent control generally covers pre-1947 buildings. The Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act (June 14, 2019) repealed high-rent and high-income deregulation, eliminated the statutory vacancy increase, and made regulation permanent. Stabilized tenants get required services, lease renewal (1- or 2-year term at tenant's choice), and eviction protection. Annual increases are set by local Rent Guidelines Boards for leases beginning on/after October 1 each year. Current NYC order: see CL-NY-2026-01 (0% freeze).

Citation: HSTPA 2019; Emergency Tenant Protection Act 1974; NYC Rent Stabilization Law 1969 · Source: https://hcr.ny.gov/fact-sheet-1 (HCR Fact Sheet #1) · Effective: Jun 14, 2019 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

NY-R2 Good Cause Eviction "local rent standard"

For covered (mainly market-rate) units, an increase above the local rent standard is presumptively unreasonable — a rebuttable presumption tested in court in a nonpayment case, not a hard cap. Local rent standard = 5% + regional CPI change, or 10%, whichever is lower (NY-Newark-Jersey City CPI for NYC + listed downstate counties; Northeast Region CPI elsewhere), published by DHCR by Aug 1 yearly. Applies automatically in NYC; every other municipality must opt in by local law (19 municipalities on DHCR's list as of May 4, 2026, incl. Albany, Rochester, Ithaca, New Rochelle, White Plains; many set their own exemption thresholds). 2026 standards (CL-NY-2026-02): NYC region 8.38%; other opted-in localities 8.15%.

Citation: Real Property Law Art. 6-A, §§ 211(7)–(8), 212, 213, 214(15) · Sources: https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/RPP/211 · https://hcr.ny.gov/good-cause-eviction-law-notice-august-2026 · Effective: Apr 20, 2024 (Art. 6-A repeals Jun 15, 2034) · Last checked: 2026-11-08

NY-R3 Rent Guidelines Boards

Each covered municipality's RGB sets stabilized increases once a year, effective for vacancy and renewal leases beginning on/after Oct 1. NYC's board acts under the Rent Stabilization Law of 1969 / ETPA; HCR/DHCR administers the system. NYC Order #58 (2026-27): see Change Log. Prior-year NYC figures, verified from the Board's own site in the second pass (CL-NY-2025-02): Order #57 (adopted Jun 30, 2025) — 3% for a one-year lease, 4.5% for a two-year lease, for leases commencing Oct 1, 2025 – Sep 30, 2026.

Citation: NYC Admin. Code § 26-513(b)(1) · Sources: https://hcr.ny.gov/fact-sheet-1 · https://rentguidelinesboard.cityofnewyork.us/2026-27-apartment-loft-order-58/ · https://rentguidelinesboard.cityofnewyork.us/2025-26-apartment-loft-order-57/ · Effective: annual cycle, Oct 1 · Last checked: 2026-11-08 (second pass)

NY-E1 Summary proceeding + Good Cause grounds

No tenant may be removed except in a special proceeding (RPAPL Art. 7). For nonpayment, the landlord must first serve a written 14-day rent demand (RPAPL § 711(2)), and the RPL § 231-c Good Cause notice must be appended to that demand and to the petition. For covered units, eviction/non-renewal only on a § 216(1) ground: (a) nonpayment not resulting from an unreasonable increase; (b) substantial tenancy violation uncured 10 days after written notice; (c) nuisance/substantial damage/interference; (d) occupancy violating law + agency vacate order; (e) illegal use; (f) unreasonable refusal of repair/showing access; (g) owner/family personal use as principal residence (clear-and-convincing; never against a tenant 65+ or a disabled person); (h) good-faith demolition; (i) good-faith withdrawal from the market; (j) failure to agree to reasonable renewal changes on 30–90 days' notice. Key exemptions (§ 214): small landlords (≤10 units in NY), owner-occupied buildings ≤10 units, rent-regulated units, post-Jan 1 2009 buildings (30 years), units above 245% of HUD Fair Market Rent, seasonal/hotel/dormitory/religious units.

Citation: RPAPL Art. 7, §§ 711(2), 741; RPL §§ 214, 216(1), 231-c · Sources: https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/RPP/231-C · https://www.nyc.gov/site/hpd/services-and-information/good-cause-eviction.page · Effective: Good Cause Apr 20, 2024; § 231-c notice duty Aug 18, 2024 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

NY-D1 One month, back in 14 days, or forfeited

For non-stabilized units, no deposit or advance may exceed one month's rent (exceptions: registered seasonal-use units, owner-occupied co-ops). Refundable except for reasonable itemized costs: unpaid rent, damage beyond normal wear and tear, unpaid utilities payable to the landlord under the lease, moving/storage of tenant's belongings. Within 14 days after the tenant vacates, the landlord must provide an itemized statement and return the remainder — failure forfeits any right to retain any portion. Landlord bears the burden of proof; willful violation risks punitive damages up to 2× the deposit. Rent-stabilized units are now covered too: GOL § 7-107, as rewritten by Ch. 436 of the Laws of 2025 (A6423A / S952B, signed Oct 16, 2025), extends the same one-month cap, inspection, 14-day return and forfeiture rules to units under the NYC Rent Stabilization Law / ETPA, for leases, rental agreements and renewals entered into on or after Nov 15, 2025 (CL-NY-2025-01).

Citation: General Obligations Law § 7-108(1-a); § 7-107 (as amended by 2025 N.Y. Laws ch. 436) · Sources: https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GOB/7-108 · https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=A06423&term=&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Votes=Y&Memo=Y&Text=Y&leg_video=1 · Effective: HSTPA 2019 regime; stabilized track Nov 15, 2025 · Last checked: 2026-11-08 (second pass)

NY-N1 30 / 60 / 90 days (RPL § 226-c)

Before renewing with a rent increase ≥5%, or not renewing at all, written notice is required: 30 days (occupancy <1 year and no ≥1-year lease term); 60 days (>1 but <2 years, or lease term ≥1 but <2 years); 90 days (>2 years, or lease term ≥2 years). Late notice = tenancy continues on existing terms until the period runs from actual written notice. Current version also requires appending the § 231-c Good Cause notice.

Citation: RPL § 226-c(1)–(2) · Source: https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/laws/RPP226-C · Effective: ladder from HSTPA 2019; current text effective Aug 18, 2024 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

NY-L1 DHCR registration for stabilized units; no statewide licence located

Rent-stabilized owners must register with DHCR: an initial registration within 90 days after a unit first becomes subject to stabilization, then an annual registration statement showing the April 1 rent for each unit, with a copy to each tenant. Rent-controlled apartments are not registered annually. No statewide landlord licence appears in the primary sources opened (absence-claim caveat: UNVERIFIED U-11).

Source: https://hcr.ny.gov/fact-sheet-1 · Effective: regime as described in HCR FS-01 (01/2024) · Last checked: 2026-11-08

⚠️ City caveat: NYC adds its own layer (HPD property registration, LL 86 of 2025 transparency signage — CL-NY-2026-03). Upstate, ETPA stabilization applies only in localities that declare a housing emergency (vacancy <5%); RGB orders are municipal — NYC's order does not set increases outside NYC.

WA-R1 Statewide cap (HB 1217)

No rent increase at all during the first 12 months of a tenancy; thereafter, in any 12-month period, no more than 7% + CPI (Seattle-area CPI-U, June 12-month change) or 10%, whichever is less. Commerce calculates and publishes the maximum yearly. Section expires July 1, 2040.

Citation: RCW 59.18.700 (2025 c 209 / HB 1217) · Source: https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=59.18.700 · Effective: May 7, 2025 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

WA-R2 Published caps

Commerce's published maximum: 9.683% for calendar 2026; 10% for calendar 2027 (formula yielded 11.53%, so the ceiling applies — CL-WA-2027-01).

Citation: RCW 59.18.700; WA Dept. of Commerce HB 1217 Landlord Resource Center · Source: https://www.commerce.wa.gov/housing-policy/hb1217-landlord-resource-center/ · Effective: calendar years as stated · Last checked: 2026-11-08

WA-R3 Cap exemptions

Units whose first certificate of occupancy was issued 12 or fewer years before the increase notice; public-housing/public-development-authority/nonprofit rent-regulated units; qualified low-income/LIHTC developments under a WSHFC regulatory agreement; units where the tenant shares bath/kitchen with an on-site owner; single-family owner-occupied homes renting ≤2 units/bedrooms (incl. an ADU); owner-occupied duplex/triplex/fourplex. Shared/owner-occupied exemptions are unavailable if the owner is a REIT, corporation, or LLC with a corporate member. A landlord claiming an exemption must state the supporting facts in the increase notice.

Citation: RCW 59.18.710 · Source: http://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=59.18.710 · Effective: May 7, 2025; expires Jul 1, 2040 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

WA-R4 Manufactured/mobile homes

Lot rent and recurring charges may rise once every 12 months by up to 5%, with exemptions in RCW 59.20.380 documented on the statutory notice form.

Citation: RCW 59.20.370 / form at RCW 59.20.390 · Source: https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=59.20.390 · Effective: May 7, 2025 (HB 1217) · Last checked: 2026-11-08

WA-E1 Just cause statewide

A landlord may not evict, refuse to continue, or end a periodic tenancy except for a cause enumerated in RCW 59.18.650(2). Causes and notice floors include: nonpayment (period in RCW 59.12.030(3)); substantial/material breach — ≥10 days to remedy; waste/nuisance/unlawful activity — ≥3 days; owner/immediate-family move-in — ≥90 days; sale of a single-family residence — ≥90 days; demolition/substantial rehab/change of use; condemned/uninhabitable — ≥30 days; legitimate business/economic "other good cause" — ≥60 days; four-or-more cured violations in 12 months — ≥60 days. Wrongful eviction: greater of actual damages or 3× monthly rent, plus fees/costs. Narrow no-cause endings exist only at the end of certain initial fixed terms with ≥60 days' notice.

Citation: RCW 59.18.650 · Source: https://app.leg.wa.gov/Rcw/default.aspx?cite=59.18.650 · Effective: just-cause regime 2021 (2021 c 212) — ⚠️ the Legislature's site currently displays a version headed "Effective January 1, 2028"; re-pull the in-force version before relying on subsection numbering · Last checked: 2026-11-08

WA-E2 Statutory 14-day pay-or-vacate form

Every 14-day notice under RCW 59.12.030(3) must be in substantially the statutory form headed "FOURTEEN-DAY NOTICE TO PAY RENT OR VACATE THE PREMISES": pay the total due within 14 days after service or vacate.

Citation: RCW 59.18.057 · Source: http://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=59.18.057 · Effective: codified form (2019 c 356 origin) · Last checked: 2026-11-08

WA-D1 Return in 30 days; no statutory cap

Within 30 days after the agreement terminates and the tenant vacates (or 30 days after the landlord learns of abandonment), deliver a full specific statement of the basis for retaining any deposit, with copies of estimates/invoices for damage charges, together with any refund due. No withholding for ordinary wear; no carpet-cleaning withholding absent documented beyond-ordinary wear. Failure = liability for the full deposit; a court may award up to 2× the deposit for intentional refusal, plus costs/fees. ⚠️ Correction vs. common secondary sources: the deadline is 30 days, not 21 (21 was pre-July 2023). No amount cap: RCW 59.18.280 as opened sets none, and the official contents of ch. 59.18 RCW confirm the deposit sections (§§ 59.18.260–.285, .670) regulate handling, accounts and fee-in-lieu arrangements — none limits the amount (second pass, U-13 resolved; separate city rules were not exhaustively checked).

Citation: RCW 59.18.280; ch. 59.18 RCW contents · Sources: https://app.leg.wa.gov/Rcw/default.aspx?cite=59.18.280 · http://apps.leg.wa.gov/Rcw/default.aspx?cite=59.18 · Effective: 2023 c 331 version; key provisions apply to agreements initiated on/after Jul 23, 2023 · Last checked: 2026-11-08 (second pass)

WA-N1 Rent increases: 90 days

Minimum 90 days' prior written notice of any rent increase (raised from 60 by HB 1217); the increase cannot take effect before the end of the rental term. Income-based subsidised tenancies: 30 days. (Set by CL-WA-2025-01.)

Citation: RCW 59.18.140(3) · Source: http://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=59.18.140 · Effective: May 7, 2025 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

Other termination notice floors are in WA-E1.

WA-L1 No statewide licence located; Seattle RRIO verified

No statewide landlord-licence rule was found in the RLTA sections opened (absence-claim caveat: UNVERIFIED U-12). Local programme: Seattle Rental Registration and Inspection Ordinance (RRIO), SMC ch. 22.214 — Seattle landlords must register every rental property and submit to inspections. Verified from SDCI (seattle.gov) in the second pass: registration is valid for two years; beginning January 2026 the fee is $126 for each property including the first rental unit, plus $31.50 for each additional unit (fees include SDCI's 5% technology fee); registered properties are inspected at least once every 5–10 years (each property is selected once in its first five years, with a 10% chance of a second selection in the following five).

Sources: https://www.seattle.gov/documents/Departments/SDCI/Codes/RRIO/RRIOFAQ.pdf · https://www.seattle.gov/DPD/Publications/CAM/Tip620.pdf · Last checked: 2026-11-08 (second pass)

OR-R1 Statewide cap formula

After the first year of a tenancy: rent may be increased no more than once in any 12-month period, only with 90 days' written notice, and never by more than the lesser of 10% or 7% + CPI increase (September 12-month average change in CPI-U, West Region, BLS). No increase at all during the first year. Week-to-week tenancies: 7 days' notice, outside the after-first-year framework.

Citation: ORS 90.323(1)–(3); ORS 90.324 · Source: https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors090.html (ORS Ch. 90, 2025 Ed.) · Effective: ORS 90.323 last amended 2023 Ch. 226 (SB 611); ORS 90.324 last amended 2025 Ch. 387 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

OR-R2 Published caps: 2026 = 9.5%; 2027 = 10%

DAS calculates the maximum each year by Sept 30. Maximum allowable increase: 9.5% for calendar 2026; 10% for calendar 2027 (CL-OR-2027-01). For manufactured-dwelling/marinas in facilities with more than 30 spaces, the maximum is a flat 6%.

Citation: ORS 90.324(1)–(3); DAS annual calculation · Source: https://apps.oregon.gov/oregon-newsroom/OR/DAS/Posts/Post/das-publishes-annual-maximum-rent-increase-2027 · Effective: calendar years as stated · Last checked: 2026-11-08

OR-R3 Exemptions & penalties

Cap does not apply where the unit's first certificate of occupancy was issued less than 15 years before the increase notice, or to government-regulated/certified affordable housing where the increase doesn't raise the tenant's portion or is program-required. A landlord who terminates on a 30-day first-year no-cause notice may not charge the next tenancy more than the terminated tenancy could have been charged. Violation: 3 months' rent plus actual damages. Facility tenancies (ORS 90.505–90.850) are governed separately.

Citation: ORS 90.323(4)–(7); ORS 91.225 · Source: ORS Ch. 90 page; ORS 91.225 text via https://oregon.public.law/statutes/ors_91.225 (official text as quoted in Owen v. Portland) · Effective: 2025 Ed. text · Last checked: 2026-11-08 (second pass)

⚠️ Local note: Oregon treats rent control as a statewide matter — ORS 91.225 bars a city or county from enacting any ordinance or resolution controlling the rent charged for a dwelling unit, outside narrow exceptions (government-benefit affordable housing, condominium-conversion notice periods, temporary disaster controls); text verified in the second pass (CL-OR-2026-01; see also Owen v. City of Portland, 368 Or. 661 (2021), quoting the section). Portland's rules (OR-L2) are relocation/notice protections layered on state law, not a local rent cap.

OR-E1 After year one, cause only

In a month-to-month tenancy the landlord may terminate without cause only during the first year of occupancy, on 30 days' notice. After the first year: only for tenant cause (ORS 90.392, 90.394, 90.396, 90.398, 90.405, 90.440, 90.445, etc.) or a qualifying landlord reason under § 90.427(5). Fixed-term: termination during the term only for cause; a term ending after the first year converts to month-to-month unless a new fixed term is agreed, the tenant gives notice, or the landlord has a qualifying reason. Tenants may terminate month-to-month on 30 days; week-to-week on 10 days by either party.

Citation: ORS 90.427(2)–(4) · Source: ORS Ch. 90 page · Effective: 2025 Ed. text; § 90.427 last amended 2025 Ch. 291 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

OR-E2 Qualifying landlord reasons: 90 days + one month's rent

Reasons: demolition or conversion to nonresidential use; repairs/renovations making the premises unsafe/unfit; landlord or immediate family moving in as a primary residence (landlord must own no comparable available unit in the same building); sale to a buyer who intends in good faith to occupy (written evidence of the accepted offer must accompany the notice). Notice must be ≥90 days, state the reason and supporting facts, and the landlord must pay one month's periodic rent when the notice is delivered — unless the landlord has an ownership interest in 4 or fewer dwelling units. Sale-based terminations have a 60-day alternative: 60 days' notice + the one month's rent paid at notice, with the offer evidence. Violation: 3 months' rent plus actual damages, and a defence to a possession action.

Citation: ORS 90.427(5)–(6), (9) · Source: ORS Ch. 90 page · Effective: 2025 Ed. text · Last checked: 2026-11-08

OR-E3 For-cause termination with cure rights

For material lease violations, material ORS 90.325 violations, or nonpayment: written notice specifying the acts/omissions and a termination date at least 30 days after delivery; if curable, the notice must offer a cure period of at least 14 days. A repeat of substantially the same violation within 6 months allows termination on 10 days' notice with no cure right. Possession is through the court process (ORS 105.100–105.168).

Citation: ORS 90.392 · Source: ORS Ch. 90 page · Effective: 2025 Ed. text · Last checked: 2026-11-08

OR-E4 Nonpayment notices: 10-day / 13-day / 72-hour

Non-week-to-week: either a 10-day notice (no earlier than the 8th day of the rental period) or a 13-day notice (no earlier than the 5th day); week-to-week: 72 hours (no earlier than the 5th day). The notice must state the amount due and the cure date/time. The landlord must also deliver the Judicial Department's rental-assistance/support-services notice with a nonpayment termination notice and summons; the court must dismiss the possession complaint if the landlord failed to deliver it, caused non-tender of assistance, or the tenant tendered assistance/payment covering the amount due.

Citation: ORS 90.394; ORS 90.395 · Source: ORS Ch. 90 page · Effective: 2025 Ed. text (§ 90.394 last amended 2023 Ch. 296) · Last checked: 2026-11-08

OR-D1 No statutory dollar cap in ORS 90.300

ORS 90.300 authorises deposits (the term includes a last-month's-rent deposit) and requires a receipt, but the opened statutory text states no maximum dollar amount — secondary sources inventing a 1–2 month Oregon cap are wrong against the primary text. No new or increased deposit during the first year of a tenancy, except by agreement to allow a pet or another modification; later increases must allow at least 3 months to pay. No deposit may be required for a service/companion animal provided as a disability accommodation.

Citation: ORS 90.300(1)–(5) · Source: ORS Ch. 90 page · Effective: 2025 Ed. text (last amended 2023 Ch. 296) · Last checked: 2026-11-08

OR-D2 Accounting + return within 31 days

To claim any part of a deposit, deliver a written accounting stating specifically the basis for each claim within 31 days after the tenancy terminates and the tenant delivers possession, and return the unclaimed balance no later than 31 days after termination + delivery of possession. Claims limited to amounts reasonably necessary to remedy defaults (incl. unpaid rent) and repair tenant-caused damage excluding ordinary wear and tear. Failure to account, or bad-faith withholding: tenant may recover twice the amount wrongfully withheld. Prepaid/last-month's rent is accounted for on the same 31-day basis.

Citation: ORS 90.300(6)–(14), (16) · Source: ORS Ch. 90 page · Effective: 2025 Ed. text · Last checked: 2026-11-08

OR-N1 Summary

Rent increases: week-to-week 7 days; all other tenancies 90 days, none in the first year, max one per 12 months (ORS 90.323). Terminations: week-to-week either party 10 days; tenant month-to-month 30 days; landlord no-cause (first year only) 30 days; qualifying reason 90 days (sale: 60-day paid alternative); owner-occupied building of ≤2 units after the first year: 60 days no-cause, 30 days for sale to an occupant-buyer; for-cause curable 30 days with ≥14-day cure; repeat violation 10 days; nonpayment 72 hours / 10 / 13 days (see OR-E4).

Citation: ORS 90.427(2)–(8); 90.392; 90.394; 90.323 · Source: ORS Ch. 90 page · Effective: 2025 Ed. text · Last checked: 2026-11-08

OR-L1 Statewide

The ORS Ch. 90 (2025 Ed.) contents as opened contain no statewide rental registration or landlord-licensing section — an inference from the chapter contents, not an affirmative official statement; word any published claim accordingly (UNVERIFIED U-16).

Last checked: 2026-11-08

OR-L2 Portland Renter Additional Protections (city layer)

Portland layers on state law: a no-cause or qualifying-reason termination requires ≥90 days' written notice, with relocation assistance paid at least 45 days before the termination date — $2,900 (studio/SRO), $3,300 (1-BR), $4,200 (2-BR), $4,500 (3+ BR). A rent/associated-cost increase of ≥5% over a rolling 12 months requires ≥90 days' written notice; an increase of ≥10% entitles a requesting tenant to the same relocation amounts (tenant may repay and stay, or terminate, within six months). Exemptions incl. week-to-week tenancies, tenants sharing the landlord's unit, qualifying owner-occupied duplexes/ADUs. Noncompliance: up to 3 months' rent plus actual damages, relocation assistance, fees and costs.

Citation: Portland City Code § 30.01.085 · Source: https://www.portland.gov/code/30/01/085 · Effective: current version Jan 1, 2025 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

(Portland also runs an annual rental registration — PCC 7.02.890 Residential Rental Registration Program: every owner of a residential rental unit in the city must register the unit annually (Schedule R, filed with the business tax return); the fee, set by Administrative Rule LIC-5.09, is $70 per unit for 2025–current (CPI-W-indexed; units guaranteed affordable at ≤60% of median household income are exempt from the fee). Verified from portland.gov in the second pass (CL-OR-2026-01). Source: https://WWW.PORTLAND.GOV/policies/licensing-and-income-taxes/fees/lic-509-residential-rental-registration-and-fee)

MD-R1 No statewide cap; local caps exist

"Some local jurisdictions may limit how much rent can be increased, but there is no statewide law that limits rent increases when your lease is renewed." Rent may only be increased when the lease is renewed. Landlords must attach the current Maryland Tenants' Bill of Rights to every residential lease.

Citation: Md. Code, Real Property §§ 8-205, 8-205.1, 8-208, 8-209 (as cited in the source) · Source: Maryland Tenants' Bill of Rights (eff. Oct 1, 2026), MD DHCD Office of Tenant and Landlord Affairs — https://dhcd.maryland.gov/media/490 · Effective: Bill of Rights version Oct 1, 2026 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

⚠️ Local caps — amounts verified from county/city primary pages in the second pass (U-17 resolved): Montgomery County rent stabilization (Bill 15-23, in force since Jul 23, 2024; County Code §§ 29-56 to 29-62): the annual allowance is the lesser of CPI-U (Washington-Arlington-Alexandria) + 3% or 6% — 5.2% for Jul 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2027 (CPI-U 2.2%); applies to units built at least 23 years ago; 90 days' written notice of an increase; the county programme does not run inside Takoma Park, Gaithersburg, Rockville and certain other municipalities. Sources: https://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/DHCA/Tenants/RentStabilization.html · https://www2.montgomerycountymd.gov/mcgportalapps/Press_Detail.aspx?Item_ID=48277. Takoma Park (own city programme): the annual allowance is 100% of CPI (Washington-Arlington-Alexandria), published each spring for Jul 1 – Jun 30, with no floor or ceiling under current law — 3% for Jul 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2027; most multi-family facilities and rental condominium units are covered; the programme is under a city policy review (no change adopted as of this check). Source: https://takomaparkmd.gov/2485/Rent-Stabilization-Policy-Review. Prince George's County Permanent Rent Stabilization and Protection Act of 2024 (CB-055-2024; County Code §§ 13-138, 13-144 to 13-147; Act in effect Oct 17, 2024, implementing regulations effective Feb 1, 2026): the annual allowance is the lesser of CPI-U + 3% or 6% — 5.7% for Jul 1, 2026 – Jun 30, 2027 (CPI-U 2.7%); for age-restricted senior housing the lesser of CPI-U or 4.5% — 2.7% for the same period. Source: https://www.princegeorgescountymd.gov/sites/default/files/media-document/Notice%20to%20Landlords%208-15-2024.pdf. No express state preemption statute was verified; § 8-209(c) expressly preserves stricter local notice/protection laws (MD-N2). Local figures: last checked 2026-11-08 (second pass).

MD-E1 Failure to pay rent: 10-day cure notice before filing

When rent is due and unpaid, before filing the landlord must give written notice, on a form created by the Maryland Judiciary, of intent to file in District Court if the tenant does not cure within 10 days after the notice is provided. Notice by first-class mail with certificate of mailing, affixing to the door, or (if the tenant elected it) electronic delivery with proof of transmission. A § 8-401 complaint for an "affected property" must also plead MDE lead registration/inspection-certificate compliance (Env. Art. §§ 6-811, 6-812, 6-815(c)).

Citation: Md. Code, Real Property § 8-401(a)–(c) · Source: http://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=grp&section=8-401&enactments=False&archived=False · Effective: current codified text · Last checked: 2026-11-08

MD-E2 Tenant holding over

A tenant who unlawfully holds over beyond lease expiration/termination is liable for actual damages (not less than apportioned rent for the holdover period); after the § 8-402(c) termination notice (MD-N1), the landlord may file a written complaint in District Court for restitution.

Citation: Md. Code, Real Property § 8-402(a)–(b) · Source: https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2026RS/Statute_Web/grp/8-402.pdf · Effective: current codified text · Last checked: 2026-11-08

MD-E3 Breach of lease: 30 days (14 for danger)

Where a stated-term lease allows repossession for breach, the landlord may complain to District Court only if the tenant breached, refuses to comply, and the landlord gave 30 days' written notice of the violation and intent to repossess — or 14 days' written notice where the breach shows a clear and imminent danger of serious harm to persons/property. The court must find the breach substantial and warranting eviction.

Citation: Md. Code, Real Property § 8-402.1(a)–(b) · Source: https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2026RS/Statute_Web/grp/8-402.1.pdf · Effective: current codified text · Last checked: 2026-11-08

MD-D1 One-month cap (since Oct 1, 2024)

A landlord may not impose a security deposit in excess of 1 month's rent per dwelling unit, regardless of the number of tenants. Exception: up to 2 months only if (i) the tenant is eligible for and has qualified for DHS utility assistance, (ii) the lease requires the tenant to pay the landlord directly for utilities, and (iii) tenant and landlord agree in writing. Overcharge: tenant may recover up to 3× the extra amount plus reasonable attorney's fees. (Set by CL-MD-2024-01; prior cap was 2 months — vendor guides still citing 2 months are stale.)

Citation: Md. Code, Real Property § 8-203(b) · Source: https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=grp&section=8-203&enactments=False&archived=False · Effective: Oct 1, 2024 (Renters' Rights and Stabilization Act of 2024, HB 693 Ch. 124 / SB 481) · Last checked: 2026-11-08

MD-D2 Return in 45 days, with interest

Within 45 days after the end of the tenancy, return the deposit with simple interest at the daily US Treasury 1-year yield-curve rate (as of the first business day of the year) or 1.5%/year, whichever is greater, less damages rightfully withheld. Interest accrues monthly, is not compounded, is payable only on deposits ≥$50, and none is due unless the deposit was held at least 6 months. A written itemised list of damages + costs must be mailed within the same 45 days; failure without reasonable basis risks up to 3× the amount withheld plus attorney's fees.

Citation: Md. Code, Real Property § 8-203(e), (g) · Source: same § 8-203 page · Effective: current codified text · Last checked: 2026-11-08

MD-N1 Termination notice

Written notice of intent to terminate: 60 days before expiration for a written lease for a stated term over 1 week or a month-to-month tenancy; 90 days for year-to-year tenancies; 180 days for (non-tobacco) farm year-to-year; week-to-week: 7 days (written lease) or 21 days (no written lease). A foreclosure-notice exception (30/60 days) does not apply in Baltimore City or Montgomery County, or to landlords offering 5+ units.

Citation: Md. Code, Real Property § 8-402(c)(2) · Source: https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2026RS/Statute_Web/grp/8-402.pdf · Effective: subsection created by 2021 Ch. 803, Oct 1, 2021 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

MD-N2 Rent-increase notice (separate from termination)

Written notice before any rent increase, by first-class mail with certificate of mailing (or tenant-elected electronic delivery): ≥90 days for tenancies with a term over 1 month; ≥60 days for terms over 1 week and up to 1 month; 7 days (written lease) / 21 days (no written lease) for terms of 1 week or less. Local laws requiring additional notice/protections are not superseded.

Citation: Md. Code, Real Property § 8-209(b)–(c) · Source: https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=grp&section=8-209&enactments=false · Effective: current codified text · Last checked: 2026-11-08

MD-L1 Statewide lead-risk registration (pre-1978 rentals)

Owners of rental homes built before 1978 must register with the state (MDE), renew the registration, and provide valid lead inspection certificates at each tenant turnover — unless the property is certified lead-free. MDE: online registration required for renewals; annual renewal due by December 31; $75 fee per unit; ownership changes require a new registration/tracking number. The registration duty is also pleaded in § 8-401 eviction complaints (MD-E1).

Citation: Md. Code, Environment Art. Title 6, Subtitle 8 (§§ 6-811, 6-812); MDE Lead Poisoning Prevention Program · Source: https://mde.maryland.gov/programs/land/LeadPoisoningPrevention/Pages/rentalowners.aspx · Effective: current MDE programme page · Last checked: 2026-11-08

⚠️ Local licensing flagged by name only: Baltimore City rental property registration & licensing (Baltimore City DHCD) — details to be verified from city sources before publishing.

DC-R1 Rent stabilization formula + 2026 figures

Under the Rental Housing Act of 1985, the annual adjustment of general applicability = the change in the Washington-area CPI-W for the preceding calendar year, capped at 10%. For an occupied unit, rent charged may not rise by more than the adjustment + 2%, total not to exceed 10%; no increase until a full 12 months have elapsed since any prior increase; no adjustment during a valid written lease that fixes the rent. An increase is barred unless the unit/common elements are in substantial compliance with housing regulations, the accommodation is registered, and the provider is properly licensed. Elderly tenants / tenants with a disability: increase capped at the least of the adjustment, the Social Security COLA, or 5%. 2026 figures (CL-DC-2026-02): CPI-W +2.1% → adjustment 2.1%; general maximum 4.1%; elderly/disability maximum 2.1% (least of 2.1% CPI-W, 2.8% SS COLA 2026, 5%), effective May 1, 2026.

Citation: D.C. Code §§ 42-3502.06(b), 42-3502.08(e), (g), (h), 42-3502.24(a) · Sources: https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/42-3502.06 · https://preview.code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/42-3502.08 · https://rhc.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/rhc/page_content/attachments/2026%20RHC%20CPI-COLA-MFI%20Notice.pdf · Effective: Rental Housing Act Jul 17, 1985; 2026 adjustment May 1, 2026 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

DC-R2 Stabilization exemptions

Exempt: federally/District-owned or mortgage/rent-subsidized units (now expressly including LIHTC units — CL-DC-2025-02; made permanent by D.C. Law 26-111, effective Apr 16, 2026 — CL-DC-2026-04); accommodations newly constructed with a building permit issued after Dec 31, 1975, and newly created units with a housing-use certificate of occupancy issued after Jan 1, 1980; accommodations of 4 or fewer units owned by no more than 4 natural persons with no other DC rental interest, who file a claim of exemption; units continuously vacant since Jan 1, 1985; qualifying cooperatives; certain DHCD rehab-programme accommodations. Dormitories, hospitals/nursing facilities and diplomatic residences are outside the chapter entirely. ⚠️ Exempt owners must still register and claim the exemption, and prospective tenants of exempt units must get written notice before lease execution that increases are not regulated. On exempt units there is no cap at all beyond the lease itself.

Citation: D.C. Code § 42-3502.05(a), (d), (e) · Source: https://preview.code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/42-3502.05 · Effective: Jul 17, 1985, as amended · Last checked: 2026-11-08 (second pass)

DC-E1 Grounds and notice periods (§ 42-3505.01)

No tenant may be evicted, even after lease expiration, so long as the tenant pays the rent owed; nonpayment of a late fee alone cannot ground an eviction; every eviction requires written notice under the section, and notices for reasons other than nonpayment must also be served on the Rent Administrator. Grounds: lease violation (non-nonpayment) — recover possession if the tenant fails to correct within 30 days after notice; illegal act determined by a court — 30-day notice (except the new dangerous-crime procedure, CL-DC-2026-01); owner's personal use by a natural person with a freehold interest — 90-day notice, no rent collected for the unit for 12 months after repossession; sale under a good-faith contract for the buyer's personal use, after TOPA notice — 90-day notice, 12-month no-rent rule; alterations/renovations that can't safely be done occupied (approval process) — 120-day notice, absolute right to reoccupy; demolition with permit filed — 180-day notice; substantial rehabilitation — 120-day notice; discontinuing housing use — 180-day notice. Nonpayment: notice of intent to file at least 10 days before filing, and never where unpaid rent is under $600; notice must go by certified mail/tracked delivery and hand delivery or front-door posting (CL-DC-2026-01). ⚠️ Drafting tension in the current code text: the mandatory notice language still tells the tenant the provider may file if ≥$600 is unpaid "within 30 days of this notice," while the operative subsection now requires only 10 days' pre-filing notice — flag for readers; a court may (now discretionary) dismiss for defective notice. No eviction filing may proceed unless the provider documents a current rental-housing business licence.

Citation: D.C. Code § 42-3505.01(a), (a-1), (b)–(i), (q) · Source: https://preview.code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/42-3505.01 · Effective: Jul 17, 1985, as amended (most recently D.C. Law 26-80, Dec 31, 2025) · Last checked: 2026-11-08

DC-D1 One month; return or notice within 45 days

The security deposit may not exceed 1 month's rent; it must be held in an interest-bearing account (with notice posted of where it is held and the prevailing rate). Within 45 days after the tenant vacates, the landlord must either return the deposit with interest or give written notice it will be used to defray legitimate expenses, itemized within 30 more days. Separately, current § 42-3502.17(e) requires the provider, within 45 days after termination, to notify the tenant in writing of any alleged unpaid amounts (unpaid rent, damage beyond ordinary wear and tear, removal of left furnishings) with photographs/documentation and a statement of the right to dispute; the tenant has 30 days to dispute and the provider must respond within 10 days. No withholding for ordinary wear and tear. The Office of Administrative Hearings may adjudicate non-return/interest complaints. Note: the 1-month cap and 45-day return live in the regulations (14 DCMR §§ 308–311), incorporated by § 42-3502.17, not in the Code section's own text.

Citation: 14 DCMR §§ 308–311; D.C. Code § 42-3502.17(a)–(e) · Sources: https://apia.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/apia/publication/attachments/261018445-Bill-of-Rights.pdf (OTA Tenant Bill of Rights) · https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/42-3502.17 · Effective: Security Deposit Act Feb 20, 1976, as incorporated · Last checked: 2026-11-08

DC-N1 Rent increases: 60 days

No rent increase is effective until the first day on which rent is normally paid occurring more than 60 calendar days after notice of the increase is given (changed from 30 days by D.C. Law 25-65, effective Nov 28, 2023 — older guides saying 30 days are stale). Eviction notice periods by ground are in DC-E1; nonpayment intent-to-file is 10 days.

Citation: D.C. Code § 42-3509.04(b) · Source: https://preview.code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/42-3509.04 · Effective: Nov 28, 2023 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

DC-L1 Licence + Certificate of Occupancy + RentRegistry registration

Three separate steps (per the Rental Housing Commission's "Becoming a Landlord in DC" guide): (1) a Basic Business License with a housing endorsement from DLCP — includes a "clean hands" tax check, an inspection of the property, and a fee; (2) a Certificate of Occupancy from the Department of Buildings if there are 2 or more rental units in the building (condos/co-ops may ride on an association's master C of O); (3) registration with DHCD through RentRegistry — every housing provider must register, including to claim a stabilization exemption, and no one may increase rent unless the accommodation is registered. RentRegistry use is mandatory; all rent increases taking effect on or after Dec 1, 2025 must be filed electronically. New providers must file a registration statement (and exemption claim, if any) within 30 days of becoming a housing provider; failure to register carries a $100-per-unit penalty after the database-completion window. Registration + licensing are also preconditions to any rent increase (§ 42-3502.08(a)(1)) and to filing for eviction (§ 42-3505.01(q)).

Citation: D.C. Code §§ 42-3502.05(f), 42-3502.08(a)(1), 42-3505.01(q) · Sources: https://rhc.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/rhc/page_content/attachments/Becoming%20a%20Landlord%20in%20DC%20-%20Long%20-%20ARH%28post%20app%29.pdf · https://preview.code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/42-3502.05 · Effective: Rental Housing Act framework; mandatory electronic increase filings Dec 1, 2025 · Last checked: 2026-11-08

F1 CARES Act 30-day notice to vacate

— 15 U.S.C. § 9058(c)

The 120-day eviction moratorium expired in 2020, but subsection (c) has no sunset in the current Code text: the lessor of a covered dwelling unit (covered housing programme participant, rural housing voucher, or property with a federally backed (multifamily) mortgage) may not require the tenant to vacate until 30 days after giving a notice to vacate. Still on the books in 2026; a repeal bill (S. 470, 119th Cong., "Respect State Housing Laws Act", introduced Feb 6, 2025) had not passed in material reviewed. Courts are split on whether (c) is limited to nonpayment evictions (secondary-sourced detail — treat with care).

Source: https://uscode.house.gov/us/usc/119-124/t15/s9058/ · https://www.congress.gov/index.php/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/470/text · Last checked: 2026-11-08

F2 EPA Lead-Based Paint disclosure

— 40 CFR Part 745, Subpart F (§§ 745.100–119); 42 U.S.C. § 4852d

For "target housing" (built before 1978, with exceptions incl. 0-bedroom and most elderly/disabled housing): before the lessee is obligated, the lessor must disclose known lead paint/hazards, provide available records/reports, provide the EPA pamphlet Protect Your Family From Lead in Your Home, and include the Lead Warning Statement + signed disclosure in/as an attachment to the lease, in the language of the contract.

Source: https://www.epa.gov/lead/epas-lead-laws-regulations-policies · Last checked: 2026-11-08

F3 EPA RRP Rule

— 40 CFR Part 745, Subpart E

Firms doing renovation/repair/painting for compensation that disturbs paint in pre-1978 homes or child-occupied facilities must be EPA-certified, use a certified renovator, follow lead-safe work practices, and keep records (§ 745.89). Matters to landlords who self-perform turnovers/renovations.

Source: https://www.epa.gov/lead/epas-lead-laws-regulations-policies · Last checked: 2026-11-08

F4 Assistance animals — HUD enforcement posture flipped in 2025–26

The FHA itself is unchanged (42 U.S.C. § 3604(f); 24 CFR § 100.204 reasonable accommodations). But: on Sep 17, 2025 HUD withdrew FHEO Notices 2013-01 and 2020-01 (the old ESA guidance — "should not be relied upon"), and on May 22, 2026 FHEO issued replacement enforcement guidance: for animal-accommodation complaints, FHEO will find reasonable cause only for animals trained to provide disability-related assistance (using the ADA training component); emotional support alone "do[es] not constitute work or tasks"; requests for trained animals remain presumptively reasonable; untrained-ESA requests are not. Any species can qualify under the FHA if trained. The memo governs FHEO enforcement only — private suits remain possible.

Source: https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/Main/documents/Notice-of-Withdrawal-of-Guidance-Documents.pdf · https://www.hud.gov/sites/default/files/hudclips/documents/AS-Trainor-Enforcement-Guidance-Assessing-Requests-for-the-use-of-an-animal-as-a-reasonable-accommodation-under-the-fair-housing-act.pdf · Last checked: 2026-11-08

F5 FTC Junk Fees Rule does NOT cover long-term rental housing

— 16 CFR Part 464

Effective May 12, 2025, the Rule covers only live-event tickets and short-term lodging. The FTC's own FAQ expressly excludes "long-term or other rental housing that involves an ongoing landlord-tenant relationship." But see F6.

Source: https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/r207011_udf_rule_2024_final_0.pdf · Last checked: 2026-11-08

F6 FTC rental-housing fees rulemaking opened (Mar 2026)

In March 2026 the FTC announced an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on unfair/deceptive rental housing fee practices across the lease lifecycle (total-rent disclosure, application fees, security deposits, billing) — comments due 30 days after Federal Register publication. The release cites prior enforcement against Invitation Homes ($48M) and Greystar ($23M with Colorado). Pipeline, not law — watch item.

Source: https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2026/03/ftc-seeks-public-comment-proposed-rulemaking-regarding-unfair-or-deceptive-rental-housing-fee · Last checked: 2026-11-08

F7 FCRA adverse-action duties when screening

(CFPB guidance)

A landlord who denies an application — or takes other adverse action (higher rent/deposit, co-signer demand) — because of a tenant-screening/consumer report must give an adverse action notice (oral, written or electronic) with the screening company's name, address and phone number; notice of the right to a free copy of the report if requested within 60 days; and the right to dispute inaccuracies. Screening companies generally have 30 days (sometimes 45) to investigate disputes.

Source: https://www.consumerfinance.gov/ask-cfpb/what-should-i-do-if-my-rental-application-is-denied-because-of-a-tenant-screening-report-en-2105/ · Last checked: 2026-11-08

F8 Section 8 / HCV inspections — NSPIRE deadline Feb 1, 2027

NSPIRE replaced HQS for voucher programmes on paper (final rule May 11, 2023), but the compliance date is now February 1, 2027 (90 FR 46911). Until then, PHAs may continue using HQS (or other HUD-approved methods) — per HUD Notice PIH 2026-18 (Jul 15, 2026). Landlords with voucher tenants: your local PHA's inspection standard may switch on that date. → Radar R-6.

Source: https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/PIH/documents/PIH-2026-18.pdf · https://www.hud.gov/reac/nspire-notices · Last checked: 2026-11-08

F9 HUD 30-day nonpayment notice for public housing / PBRA — codified 2024; 2026 revocation NOT in effect

(added in second pass — CL-FED-2026-03)

HUD's final rule of Dec 13, 2024 (89 FR 101270) codified a requirement that PHAs and owners of project-based rental assistance properties give tenants a termination notice at least 30 days before filing a formal judicial eviction for nonpayment (amending 24 CFR pts. 247, 880, 882, 884, 886, 891, 966; does not cover HCV/PBV tenancies). On Feb 26, 2026 HUD published an interim final rule (91 FR 9449; Docket FR-6529-I-01) revoking the 2021 and 2024 rules, stated effective Mar 30, 2026 — but on Mar 13, 2026, after litigation, HUD postponed that effective date indefinitely and is treating the revocation as a proposed rule. As of the October 2026 eCFR the 30-day text remains in the regulations (e.g., 24 CFR 247.4, 966.4): the 30-day requirement is still the operative rule — check status before relying on the revocation. → Radar R-11.

Source: 89 FR 101270 (Dec 13, 2024) · 91 FR 9449 (Feb 26, 2026), FR Doc. 2026-03921 (readable copy: https://regulations.justia.com/regulations/fedreg/2026/02/26/2026-03921.html) · Last checked: 2026-11-08 (second pass)